مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 7 (پیاپی 167، مهر 1399)

Induction of in vitro spermatogenesis can be useful for infertility treatment in azoospermic patients and those undergoing chemotherapy. Different culture systems have been used to achieve this goal. This review study was performed with the aim to evaluate the application of 3D culture and testicular scaffolds in the establishment of in vitro spermatogenesis. In this review study, the information on the application of 3D culture and testicular scaffolds in induction of in vitro spermatogenesis was searched in databases such as SID, Magiran, PubMed, Irandoc, Iranmedx Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science using the keywords of three dimensional culture, testicular scaffold, spermatogenesis, spermatogonial stem cells without time limitation. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. Finally, 35 papers in English and Persian were used to compile the article. In order to induce of in vitro spermatogenesis, three-dimensional culture methods such as testicular tissue culture, soft agar culture system, natural biomaterial scaffolds such as collagen, and scaffolds derived from decellularized testis have been used.

Three-dimensional culture using spermatogonial stem cells and scaffolds can be used in vitro for induction of spermatogenesis, but there are further technical and ethical challenges in the path of fertile sperm production for the treatment of infertility.

After traffic accidents and falls, burns are the third leading cause of accident deaths. Burns are one of the most devastating forms of injuries, and survivors after recovery need many years of rehabilitation and emotional, physical, and economic support. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting a comprehensive management system for the treatment of burn patients with qualitative content analysis approach.

This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis method in 2018. The sample consisted of 20 experts in burn scope who were selected through purposeful sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured face-to-face interview. Content analysis method and MAXQDA 10.0 software were used for data analysis.

Analysis of qualitative findings showed that factors affecting burn treatment management included 6 categories of pre-hospital care (5 subcategories), hospital care (12 subcategories), rehabilitation services for burn patients (5 subcategories), medical equipment (1 subcategory), prevention (3 subcategories) and human resources (3 subcategories).

According to the results, corrective actions in the field of prevention, pre-hospital, treatment and rehabilitation should be considered. Actions such as home changes, safe child monitoring, burn prevention while cooking, equipping all ambulances with basic equipment related to various types of burns, providing training to pre-hospital ambulance staff on care of burn patients, standardizing bed facilities, the burn section and attention to social skills promotion program is suggested.

Inadequate physical activity is one of the causes of fat disorders and regular physical activity is one of the important factors in correcting fat disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity levels and blood lipids as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

This analytical cross sectional study was conducted using the information of the registration phase of the Yazd Peoplechr('39')s Health Study on 9962 residents of Yazd in the age group of 20 to 70 years between 2014 and 2015. Study data were obtained using standard questionnaires and participantschr('39') blood samples. SPSS software, version 21, t-test, linear regression, and OR comparison of fat disorders were used in the physical activity intensity classes.

In the study sample, 49.4% are men. No statistical significant physical activity level was found in the study of the ratio of chance of fat disorder. Moreover, no significant relationship was observed in the study of the linear relationship between the general level of physical activity and fat profile components (p> 0.05). It should be noted that a significant statistical relationship was observed between the level of TC or blood total cholesterol and blood triglycerides with sex, body mass index and family history and some age groups. (p <0.05).

In the analysis of the data of this study, no significant statistical relationship was found between blood lipid levels and physical activity.

Regular exercise training with alternating volume fluctuatesblood glucous levels and by regulating signaling in gene expression reduces in myocardial cell apoptosis in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was the effect of 8 weeks of high intensity interval training on the gene expression of BAX and BCL-2 in the left ventricle of diabetic rats.

The present study was a quasi-experimental one. 14 male diabetic rats were divided into 2 groups of 7; high intensity interval training (HIIT) and control (C) groups. Diabetes was induced in a pellet with a high-fat diet (30% fat and 25% fructose) for 16 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training and recovery session, the rats were sacrificed and their left ventricle was extracted. Glucose oxidase was used to measure glucose in plasma and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR method.. PCR-Real time was used to determine the expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes and the comparison of the groups by  Independent T test was performed by Graph pad prism at alpha level of 0/05.

Results showed that, BAX gene expression was significantly decreased in the HIIT group  compared to the C group (P=0/0001). BCL-2 gene  was significantly increased in the HIIT group compare to the control group (P=0/0001). Insulin resistance index and plasma glucose showed a significant decrease in the training group (P=0/01) (P=0/021). Weight did not change significantly in any of the groups.

Based on the findings, 8 weeks high intensity interval training can be reduced apoptosis in the left ventricle of  Diabetic mice by decreasing the BAX gene expression and increacing the BCL-2 in myocardial and might improve diabetes cardiomyopathy.

Occupational exposure in dentistry is defined as exposing the skin or mucosa to blood, saliva, or infectious discharge of the patient. Dentists are in contact with sharp and high-speed rotary devices that increase the chance of occupational exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the occupational exposure to blood and saliva of patients in dental students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciencesin 2016-2017.

A descriptive analytical study was conducted on 70 senior dental students at the School of Dentistry of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran. A standard questionnaire was used for collecting the data. After collecting the data, they were coded and entered into the SPSS 20 software and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher exact test.

Based on the results, 49 (70%) of 70 students have been suffered from sharp devices. The skin or mucosa of the 62 students (88.6%) infected with saliva or other body fluids of the patients. Only 15.7% of the injuries were reported with sharp objects and 14.3% of mucosal-skin contamination with blood or saliva.

Occupational exposure in dentistry environment is a common problem and many cases, which are related to these subjects were not reported. In order to reduce the risks of this, infection control issues should be taught to dental students. Therefore, occupational exposure management, follow-up centers and guidelines should be established for dental schools.

Ankle sprains are one of the most common sports injuries. This injury can affect the kinematics of the athletechr('39')s lower extremities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 6 weeks of balancing and hopping strengthening training on the kinematics of the lower extremities of athletes with functional ankle instability while running.

The present study  was a randomized clinical trial on 36 athletes with functional ankle instability who were randomly divided into three groups: hopping training, balance strengthening and control. The training lasted for six weeks and 3 sessions per week. Kinematic data were recorded by 3D OptiTrack camera while running at 10 km/h before and after training. SPSS software version 20 and ANCOVA test were used to compare the effect of exercises.

The results showed that there was a significant difference among the 3 groups in dorsiflexion (P = 0.009), inversion (P = 0.001) and knee flexion (P = 0.001). The results of Benferoni test also showed that hopping training in dorsiflexion, ankle inversion and knee flexion were significantly different from the control group (P = 0.009, P = 0.001, P = 0.001). The results also showed that balance strengthening training in the above movements were significantly different from the control group (P = 0.005, P = 0.002, P = 0.006) and in knee flexion, hoping training showed a significant difference compared to balance strengthening training (P =0.012). The results showed that both hopping and balance strengthening training improved the dorsiflexion, inversion and knee flexion angles in the initial contact in running. However, hopping exercises is better than balance strengthening in improving knee flexion angles.

Therefore, according to the presented results, it can be concluded that the rehabilitation course of ankle sprains in athletes, coaches and sports rescue specialists should use a combination of balance strengthening training and hopping as a comprehensive program. In addition, hopping training can be used as a good alternative to balance training in places where there is not enough equipment.

Infertility could decrease the self-esteem of the infertile couples. Using the defensive style is one way to deal with stressful events. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of self-esteem and defense mechanisms based on the cause of infertility.

In this cross-sectional study, 400 infertile couples referred to infertility center in Tehran, Iran. Participates classified in 4 groups for the cause of infertility: female, male, both and unknown. Data gathering tools in this study were demographic questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ). Data were analyzed (SPSS 18 software) using paired t-test for comparison between the groups according to the cause of infertility and using regression analyses tests.

The results of this study showed that men in female infertility group has significantly higher self –esteem than other groups (P<0.049). In couples, husbands with female and male factor showed more self-esteem than their wives (P< 0.001, P<0.008, respectively). In defense mechanisms, there was no difference between women, men, and couples. In this study, self-esteem showed a negative relationship with immature and neurotic defense mechanisms and a positive relationship with mature defense mechanism.

The findings of this study showed that women had higher levels of vulnerability than their husbands did even when they were not the cause of infertility so they have a low self-esteem. Therefore, it is suggested that infertile women receive more psychological counseling than men, and in order to facilitate the treatment of infertile couples and provide better services to improve marital relationships and solve their problems, differences between men and women about psychological issues should be considered.

Panoramic radiography is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of maxillofacial lesions, due to the visibility of all the teeth, alveolar bone and TMJ. This study was performed to evaluate the status of panoramic radiography in accordance with FDA rules in general dentists in Yazd in 2019.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 170 general dentists (86 women and 84 men) working in Yazd in 2019 were completed questionnaires, including two parts: the first part consisted of demographic information( age, gender, number of years of graduation, university of Education), and the second part was specific questions in three areas: survey (28 questions), case introduction (6 cases) and diagnostic value (6 questions) about panoramic radiography. The collecting data were entered into SPSS software version 18 and analyzed using t-test and linear regression.

The mean score of the survey questions was 103/05±12/86, the mean score of case questions was 5/76±2/22 and the mean score of diagnostic value questions was 8/12±2/56, respectively. There was a significant difference between the mean score of diagnostic value questions in terms of participation in radiology retraining courses (p=0.016). There was a statistically significant relationship between the mean score of diagnostic value questions with the age of dentists (p=0.015) and the mean score of survey questions (p=0.029) and mean score of case questions (p=0.039) with the university of study.
Conclusion Panoramic radiography prescriptions in general dentists working in Yazd, in some cases, do not comply with the FDA guidelines for prescribing panoramic radiography, and further training in this field seems necessary.